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[[Image:Rena_dorsal.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Gathering the data that are analyzed and presented here!]]
 
<big>'''Beam Reach wiki'''</big>
 
<big>'''Beam Reach wiki'''</big>
  
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This is a place to organize and share data and research projects from the Beam Reach Marine Science and Sustainability School.
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A wiki supporting research projects of the [http://beamreach.org?ikiw Beam Reach Marine Science and Sustainability School]. (To contribute, please request an account from info <at> beamreach <dot> org...)
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== Science ==
 
== Science ==
  
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===Equipment===
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*[[Hydrophones]]
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*[[Recording hardware]]
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*[[Underwater speaker]]
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*[[Echosounder]]
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*[[Fish tags and receivers]]
  
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'''Raw data'''
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===Data===
  
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[http://beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=raw-data raw data link]
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Links to Beam Reach science narratives, logs, and raw data.  Not all raw data files are available on line; please contact us with requests to upload audio files of interest you find in the narratives or logs.  You may find valuable context (e.g. photos, audio) in the associated [http://www.beamreach.org/blog/?s=Science+Blogbook&x=0&y=0 science blogbook posts], though the text is the same as the narrative entries.
  
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'''Data products'''
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*2012: [http://www.beamreach.org/data/121 spring] | [https://drive.google.com/#folders/0B_NvkFFsfh9ETUVwYm9raTc5ZmM Lime Kiln data sheets]
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*2011: [http://www.beamreach.org/data/111 spring] | [http://www.beamreach.org/data/112 fall] | [https://docs.google.com/#folders/0B_NvkFFsfh9EODgzZDFlNmItZTdiNS00OWUzLWEzMGEtNWEyNDAxOTY1ODM5 Lime Kiln data sheets]
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*2010: [http://www.beamreach.org/data/101 spring] | [http://www.beamreach.org/data/102 fall]
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*2009: [http://www.beamreach.org/data/091 spring] | [http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AfNvkFFsfh9EZGc3M3Frd2JfMjExZ21tNjYyaHA&hl=en science narrative] | [http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AvNvkFFsfh9EdGxjSW5xNThsNnoxekVLWjBmbFpXQmc&hl=en science log]
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*2008: [http://www.beamreach.org/data/081 spring] | [http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AfNvkFFsfh9EZGc3M3Frd2JfMjA5YzJrdHJ4aHM&hl=en science narrative] | [http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AvNvkFFsfh9EdHItVGpMX1hsQTJkVGY1RHR1cmRBU3c&hl=en science log] | raw data (upon request)
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*2007: [http://beamreach.org/071/data/ fall 2007 data directory]
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*fall 2006, fall 2005...
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*[http://beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=sound-data all sounds]
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*[http://beamreach.org/gallery/ all images]
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* [https://vimeo.com/beamreach Vimeo video archive]
  
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[http://beamreach.org/071 Student research questions, proposals, papers, and presentations]
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===Projects and processing===
  
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Group research products:
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Useful tools for processing:
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* [http://beamreach.org/resources.html Class resources and literature]
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''On-going group research projects'':
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
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<li> Mother/calf localization
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<li> [[localization tests]]
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<li> J8 vocalization
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<li> [[Vocalization attributable to individual whales]]
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<li> ??
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<li> [http://www.beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=Echosounder Echosounder surveys of salmon, other fish, and plankton]
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<li> [[Ling cod acoustic tagging]]
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<li> [[Automated photo identification]]
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<li> [[Puget Soundscape]]
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<li> [[Salish Sea hydrophone network]] (Collaboration with the Whale Museum and others)
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<li> [[Fish and invertebrate sounds of the Pacific Northwest]]
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
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Space for individual research projects (e.g. [http://beamreach.org/externships externships])
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<ul>
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<li> Your project here?
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</ul>
  
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===Published or public results===
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<ul>
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<li> Student research papers and presentations ([https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1uUpiVO4ChPNeOcf4faqnHNMzqwzPKbGPzu8zTsfzydE/edit?hl=en&hl=en#gid=1 Google spreadsheet of all projects] | [http://www.beamreach.org/your-research-project-details.html Links to each class])
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<li> [[Source level of calls from Southern resident killer whales]] (Val Veirs and Scott Veirs, 2005)
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<li> [[Ambient noise in killer whale critical habitat]] (Val Veirs and Scott Veirs, 2006-2009)
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<li> [[Commercial shipping noise in Haro Strait]] (Scott Veirs and Val Veirs, 2006)
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<li> [[Fall 2007 mother+calf localization]] (Val Veirs et al, 2008)
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<li> Information theory applied to southern resident killer whale calls (Kenna Lehmann et al., 2008)
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<li> [http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/d/d2/JAS00EL27.pdf Killer whales increase their call amplitude in response to vessel noise] (Holt et al, 2009)
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<li> [http://beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=Echosounder Preliminary analyses of 200 kHZ echosounder data from Haro Strait] (2009, Poster at the Puget Sound Georgia Basin Ecosystem Conference, talk at 2009 ASA Portland)
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<li> [https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id=0AfNvkFFsfh9EZGc3M3Frd2JfMjQzYzlrOHRzZ3c&hl=en Acoustic characterization of killer whale habitat] (Veirs, S., Veirs, V., and Wood, J., 2009; presented at the Transboundary Naturalist Workshop)
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<li> 2011 ASA Seattle presentations ([http://www.beamreach.org/2011/05/28/killer-whale-session-asa-meeting blog synopsis] | [http://www.beamreach.org/wiki/images/0/0b/ASA_-_2011_-_161st_ASA_Meeting_-_Seattle_abstracts-annotated.pdf archived meeting program PDF(3.5 MB)])
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  <ul>
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  <li> Orca hearing weighted decibels: Underwater sound measurements appropriate to studies of Orcinus (killer whales) (Val Veirs, David Bain, and Scott Veirs; [http://www.beamreach.org/wiki/images/b/b6/DB-O_Abstract-submitted.pdf Abstract] | [http://www.beamreach.org/wiki/images/e/e0/ASA_SEA_dBo.pdf PDF] )
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  <li> [http://prezi.com/7r0hski1h_2l/masking-of-southern-resident-killer-whale-signals-by-commercial-ship-noise/ Masking of southern resident killer whale signals by commercial ship noise] (Scott R. Veirs and Val R. Veirs)
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  <li> [http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/129/4/10.1121/1.3587664 Shipping noise signatures] (Abstract of talk by Val Veirs, Scott Veirs, and Jason Wood)
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  <li> Are click rates in killer whales an indicator of group behavior and foraging hotspots? (Erica L. Beneze, Jason Wood, Scott Veirs , and Val Veirs)
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  <li> Shipping noise and vocal compensation by Southern Resident killer whales: Haro Strait as a study case. Jason D. Wood (SMRU Ltd.), Peggy Foreman (Univ. of Washington), Val Veirs, and Scott Veirs
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  </ul>
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<li> [http://www.orcasound.net/pubs/Veirs-PAM-rev2.pdf Human versus automated detection of killer whale calls] (2012 manuscript rejected by JASA; compares detection rates during field study for the SnoPUD tidal turbine project]
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<li> [http://www.beamreach.org/wiki/images/5/5a/Oikami-pipe-acoustic-assessment-2013-draft.pdf Walls of Sound: The acoustic field of multiple vessels hammering on metal pipes] (Val Veirs, 2013 draft re Oikami pipes for SRKW hazing)
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<li> [https://peerj.com/preprints/955/ Ship noise in an urban estuary extends to frequencies used for echolocation by endangered killer whales] (Veirs, Veirs, and Wood, 2015; PeerJ Pre-print)
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<li> [https://peerj.com/articles/1657/ Ship noise extends to frequencies used for echolocation by endangered killer whales] (Veirs, Veirs, and Wood, 2016; PeerJ article; [https://peerj.com/articles/1657/reviews/ open peer-reviews] by: M. McKenna, D. Vendittis; editor = Magnus Johnson)
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<li> [http://www.emaze.com/@AFFWTWFZ/uw-ocean-409-2016 2016 winter lecture: Salish Sea Bioacoustics: Insights from 10 years of Beam Reach Research] (Rick Keil's Marine Pollution Class; University of Washington, Seattle, WA; emaze presentation; 1/22/2016, 3:30-5pm)
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<li> [http://www.emaze.com/@AWOWQCZT/uw-ocean-409-2016-copy1 2016 fall lecture: Salish Sea Bioacoustics: Insights from 10 years of Beam Reach Research] (Rick Keil's Marine Pollution Class; University of Washington, Seattle, WA; emaze presentation; 10/17/2016, 11:30-12:20pm)
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<li> [http://www.orcasound.net/data/talks/2018-ssec-veirs/ Quiet time for orcas: noise reduction strategies that can assist killer whales in their foraging and communication] (Val Veirs, Scott Veirs [Beam Reach];
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Lauren McWhinnie, Patrick O’Hara, Gregory O’Hagan [NEMES: Noise Exposure to the Marine Environment from Ships]; invited talk at the 2018 Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference)
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<li> 2019 ASA Victoria presentations
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  <ul>
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  <li>[http://orcasound.net/data/talks/2018-asa-sveirs/ Orcasound app: an open-source solution for streaming live ocean sound to citizen scientists and cloud-based algorithms] (Scott Veirs, Val Veirs, Paul Cretu, Steve Hicks, Skander Mzali, Tyler Crisafulli)
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  <li>[http://orcasound.net/data/talks/2018-asa-vveirs Orcasound lab: a soundscape analysis case study in killer whale habitat with implications for coastal ocean observatories] (Val Veirs, Scott Veirs, Lauren McWhinnie, Patrick O’Hara, and Gregory O’Hagan)
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  </ul>
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<li> [https://www.emaze.com/@AOCTROCQO/uwocean409-19 2019 spring lecture: Salish Sea Bioacoustics: Marine Noise Pollution] (Marine Pollution Class; University of Washington, Seattle, WA; emaze presentation; 5/17/2019, 11:30-12:20pm)
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<li> [https://orcasound.net/talks/ 2018-2023+ web-based talk archive]
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<li> [https://www.emaze.com/@ALOWTWOLL/uwocean409-2023 2023 spring lecture on "Salish Sea Bioacoustics: Marine Noise Pollution"] (Marine Pollution Class taught by Prof. Jody Deming; University of Washington, Seattle, WA; emaze presentation; 5/12/23, 1:30-2:20 pm)
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</ul>
  
 
== Sustainability ==
 
== Sustainability ==
  
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Put a link to the sustainability_log.xls file here
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=== Issues of interest ===
  
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[http://beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=sustainability-wiki Sustainability reports]
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[[Tidal power monitoring]]
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Consumption of Electricity
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Elise L. Chapman
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Many aspects of life in developed nations demand electricity.  It is produced by a variety of methods but in the United States is primarily generated through the burning of fossil fuels.  Coal combustion accounted for 51% of the fossil fuels consumed in the generation of electricity in 2003 and coal has the highest carbon emissions per unit burned of all fossil fuels1. This production of electricity resulted in an estimated 3.8 trillion kilowatt-hours of power. Consumption is split almost evenly among commercial, industrial and residential contingents.  As our lives become more automated, with appliances and transportation private demand for electricity increases.  The average household uses 8,900 kilowatt hours per year, or about 24.38 kilowatt hours per day2. 
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[[Orca-boat rules]]
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All power used for our propulsion, living and research needs while on the Gato Verde is supplied by batteries charged from a bio-diesel generator or from plugging in to shore power while docked.  Shore power is provided through hydroelectric power plants, which avoid depleting fossil fuel resources and carbon emissions but do have large impacts on the river systems in which they are located. Specifically in this area, salmon migrations to spawning grounds are impeded. Since we use electricity in propulsion, it is difficult to compare our usage with American households as most homes do not move using electric motors. At this time, it is difficult to separate the consumption of electricity by the propulsion system from that of the “house battery” used in the living needs (computing, water pumping, lighting) of those on the Gato Verde. It is currently possible only to estimate our kilowatt hour consumption for computing needs.
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During the Beam Reach program, we challenge ourselves to think about sustainability at many levels and make sacrifices to leave less of an impact. When striving to conduct research, it is difficult, at times to the point of being prohibitive, to limit computer use, which demands high levels of electricity. Over the course of one hour of computing, we consume power at a average of 0.07 kilowatts.
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[[Ship quieting technology]]
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Another aspect of the Gato Verde that impacted people’s well being was the lack of exercise options. With these two thoughts in mind, a possible supplement to the supply of electricity on the Gato Verde could be the use of pedal power. A pedal power generator from Windstream Power can produce 30 watt hours with 3-4 hours of pedaling3. There are numerous personal computers being used simultaneously on the Gato Verde contributing to power consumption. It seems more realistic to offset individual personal computing power consumption by pedaling than to successfully offset the whole groups computing by an individual pedaling. Installing a pedal power generator would provide exercise opportunities for those on board, which releases endorphins combating stress and burning calories while contributing to the battery charge. An average 155 lb person will demand 533 calories per hour to pedal at moderate effort on a stationary bike4. For a notable increase in offsetting power consumption for house use on the Gato Verde, additional sources should be considered. (See Anne Harman’s sustainability posting for use of solar power.)
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Wind power is currently used to charge the batteries while sailing. The flow created while moving forward in the water turns the propellers and this rotation can charge the batteries. In order for this system to work, the Gato Verde must maintain a critical sailing speed of about 7 knots because there is drag created from friction in the charging system.  Wind could also be harnessed as a source of alternative charge for the batteries if a wind turbine were installed.
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[[Pile driving noise and mitigation]]
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A wind turbine can produce 38 kilowatt hours per month at wind speeds of 10 knots5. Average wind speed for Friday Harbor Washington during the 2007 Beam Reach course was about 3 knots6. The annual average wind speed for Seattle Washington is about 7.7 knots7. The winds in the Haro Strait are often higher because it is more exposed than Friday Harbor and Seattle. Even with wind speeds as low as 5 knots a wind turbine on the Gato Verde would average about 20 kilowatt hours per month. If numerous personal computers are used for about 5 hours a day for a month they would demand about 10.5 kilowatt hours, making a wind turbine a viable option for offsetting the computing consumption of electricity with a surplus to aid in other house uses of electricity.
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Finding sources that are more sustainable is an appropriate measure to reduce the environmental impacts of fulfilling our valid electricity needs. Some of our demands on power could be eliminated, decreased, or made more efficient.  Many of these suggestions would be best applied to our lives at home as we were quite aware of our consumption while aboard the Gato Verde.  The following are possible changes and the influence they would have on a household’s environmental impact (mostly in terms of a reduction in CO2 emissions)9,10.
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[[Oil spill and ship collision prevention]]
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[[Rational design of marine protected areas in the San Juan Archipelago]]
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[[Salmon conservation and dam removal]]
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[[Salmon - killer whale connections]]
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[[Salish Sea sonar chronology]]
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[[Sustainability ship design]]
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=== We're part of the solution ===
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Service projects
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* Cleaning and improving [http://www.whale-museum.org/ The Whale Museum]'s acoustic "observatory" in the lighthouse at [http://www.parks.wa.gov/parks/?selectedpark=Lime%20Kiln%20Point&subject=all Lime Kiln State Park] ([http://www.beamreach.org/gallery/v/091/week2/lighthouse/ photo gallery])
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* Restoring wetlands with the [http://www.facebook.com/pages/San-Juan-County-Land-Bank/130103757042971 San Juan County Land Bank] (Facebook photos: [http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1639201144507&set=o.20475053344&type=1&theater 1], [http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1639199984478&set=o.20475053344&type=1&theater 2]
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* Helping grow our food on [http://www.simply-san-juan.com/lacrover-farm-san-juan-islands-washington.html Lacrover] and [http://sweetearthfarm.com/ Sweet Earth] organic farms
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* Educating boaters about whale watching with [http://www.whale-museum.org/programs/soundwatch/soundwatch.html Sound Watch]
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* Assisting with educational outreach and school programs of [http://www.whale-museum.org/ The Whale Museum] ([http://www.beamreach.org/2009/05/09/my-service-project-at-the-whale-museum blog post])
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* Maintaining wildlife rehabilitation facilities at [http://wolfhollowwildlife.org/ Wolf Hollow] ([http://www.beamreach.org/2007/10/23/a-fork-in-the-data-road-wildlife-rehab-teaching-kids-%E2%80%93-week-9 blog post])
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* Tagging and mapping creosote logs
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* Participating in a [http://350.org 350.org] global project to raise awareness about global warming (blog post)
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[http://beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=sustainability-wiki Sustainability reports]
  
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Suggestion Reduction in CO2 emissions
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Put links to the sustainability_log.xls files here
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Insulation of wall and ceilings 140 to 2100 pounds per year
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Weatherizing (caulking, weather stripping, etc.) 1100 pounds per year
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Alter thermostat setting (2o ↓ in winter and 2o ↑ in summer) 420 pounds per year
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Replace incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescents bulbs 260 pounds per year per bulb
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Install insulation jacket on water heater 1100 lbs./year electric;220 gas
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References:
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[[Fun stuff]]
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1. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/vr03data/chapter2.html
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2. http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/BoiLu.shtml
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3. http://www.windstreampower.com/
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4. http://www.nutristrategy.com/fitness/cycling.htm
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5. http://www.windenergy.com/documents/spec_sheets/0083_rev_c_air-x_single.pdf
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6. http://140.142.199.7/vdv/VV_Frame.php
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7. http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/avgwind.html
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8. http://saveenergy.about.com/od/efficientlighting/a/CFL.htm
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9. http://www.powerscorecard.org/reduce_energy.cfm
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10. http://www.ontariotenants.ca/apartment_living/electricity-savings.phtml
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== Getting started ==  
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== Intro to wiki editing ==  
 
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
 
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
 
* [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing How to contribute (editing basics)]
 
* [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Editing How to contribute (editing basics)]
  
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== Administration ==
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== Wiki administration ==
  
 
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
 
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
 
* [http://mail.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]
 
* [http://mail.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]
 
Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
 
Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

Latest revision as of 09:40, 12 May 2023

Gathering the data that are analyzed and presented here!

Beam Reach wiki

A wiki supporting research projects of the Beam Reach Marine Science and Sustainability School. (To contribute, please request an account from info <at> beamreach <dot> org...)

Science

Equipment

Data

Links to Beam Reach science narratives, logs, and raw data. Not all raw data files are available on line; please contact us with requests to upload audio files of interest you find in the narratives or logs. You may find valuable context (e.g. photos, audio) in the associated science blogbook posts, though the text is the same as the narrative entries.

Projects and processing

Useful tools for processing:

On-going group research projects:

Space for individual research projects (e.g. externships)

  • Your project here?

Published or public results

Sustainability

Issues of interest

Tidal power monitoring

Orca-boat rules

Ship quieting technology

Pile driving noise and mitigation

Oil spill and ship collision prevention

Rational design of marine protected areas in the San Juan Archipelago

Salmon conservation and dam removal

Salmon - killer whale connections

Salish Sea sonar chronology

Sustainability ship design

We're part of the solution

Service projects

Sustainability reports

Put links to the sustainability_log.xls files here

Fun stuff

Intro to wiki editing

Wiki administration

Consult the User's Guide for information on using the wiki software.

Retrieved from "https://beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=5773"