Difference between revisions of "Ship quieting technology"

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Information about technologies that have been '''proven''' to reduce underwater noise in ships and boats.  The emphasis here should be on practical solutions that make economic sense to boat owners.
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Information about technologies that have been '''proven''' to reduce underwater noise in ships and boats, or that warrant testing to see if they do.  The emphasis here should be on practical solutions that make economic sense to boat owners.
  
−
Thanks to Brandon Southall of NOAA for coordinating the conferences on this subject and for distilling much of these data and resources!  As I wrote to him, "It would be *great* if there were some case studies that include cost/benefit analysis of particular quieting technologies (including practical manufacturer-model-number-type specifics)."  Let's try to focus on such information here.
+
Thanks to Brandon Southall of NOAA for coordinating the conferences on this subject and for distilling much of these data and resources!  As I wrote to him, "It would be *great* if there were some case studies that include cost/benefit analysis of particular quieting technologies (including practical manufacturer-model-number-type specifics)."  Let's try to focus on such information here.  Special thanks to Todd Shuster of [http://gatoverde.com Gato Verde Sailing Adventures] for providing a list of his favorite potential quieting technologies.
  
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==General references and resources==
+
==Motivation==
 +
* Endangered southern resident killer whales use sound for communication and foraging
 +
* Ships and boats dominate the noise budget within killer whale critical habitat
 +
* It is relatively feasible to mitigate the risk of acoustic impacts (compared with risks due to salmon depletion and persistent pollutants)
 +
** Recreational retrofits are possible
 +
** Commercial whale watching vessels could be quieted
 +
** [http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/Ferries/NewVessel/default.htm WA State ferries are being replaced]
 +
* [http://www.beamreach.org/blog/2008/12/16/why-are-our-new-ferries-so-noisy Noise from new BC ferries] is drawing complaints
 +
* Commercial ships transit critical habitat ~20 times/day
 +
* Recent research shows that southern residents compensate for increased (vessel-associated) noise by raising their S1 source level ([http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/d/d2/JAS00EL27.pdf Killer whales increase their call amplitude in response to vessel noise], Holt et al, 2009)
  
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*[http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/a/aa/IMO-memo.pdf IMO request] (June, 2008) Request to add ocean noise mitigation to IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee. With luck this will lead to action at the international level.
+
==International workshops and agreements==
 +
 
 +
*Communications between the U.S. and the International Maritime Organization's Marine Environment Protection Committee [http://www.beamreach.org/wiki/images/b/b3/IMO-issue.pdf Issue statement] (December, 2007) | [http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/a/aa/IMO-memo.pdf Request to add to agenda] (June, 2008)
 
*[http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/1/13/Hamburg.pdf Report from Hamburg Workshop] (April 21-24, 2008) "International Workshop on Shipping Noise and Marine Mammals"
 
*[http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/1/13/Hamburg.pdf Report from Hamburg Workshop] (April 21-24, 2008) "International Workshop on Shipping Noise and Marine Mammals"
 
*International Symposia on "Potential Application of Vessel-Quieting Technology on Large Commercial Vessels"
 
*International Symposia on "Potential Application of Vessel-Quieting Technology on Large Commercial Vessels"
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**May 1-2, 2007 (MD) [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/shipnoise.htm web site] | [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/presentations.htm talks]
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**May 1-2, 2007 (MD) [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/shipnoise.htm web site] | [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/presentations.htm talks] | [http://www.beamreach.org/wiki/images/6/6a/2008-ship-noise-symposium-report-draft.pdf Draft report] (October, 2008)
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**2004 (VA) [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/shipnoise2004.htm web site] | [http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/4/47/2004NoiseReport.pdf report]]
+
**October 19-21, 2005 (TX) [http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/9/9d/Houston05outreach.pdf 2005 Outreach Event Large Vessel Acoustics Outreach/Information Exchange]
 +
**May 18-19, 2004 (VA) [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/shipnoise2004.htm web site] | [http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/4/47/2004NoiseReport.pdf report]
  
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==Ships (large vessels, >65')==
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==Ships (large vessels, generally >>65')==
  
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[Media:wittekind.pdf Cost/benefit ideas for commercial ships] (Wittekind, 2007, from [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/presentations.htm 2007 Symposium site])
+
*[http://www.nps.gov/glba/naturescience/fourth_glacierbay_symposium_proceedings.htm Blair Kipple's studies of vessel noise in Glacier Bay, AK] (search for Kipple pubs)
 +
*[http://beamreach.org/research/projects/shipnoise/061202ASA.pdf Ship noise underwater in Haro Strait] (Veirs and Veirs, 2006, ASA presentation; [http://beamreach.org/research/projects/shipnoise/061202ASA.ppt PPT] | [http://beamreach.org/research/projects/shipnoise/061202ASA.ppt.zip PPT zip (w/sound files)]
 +
*[http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/4/46/Wittekind-cost-benefit-07.pdf Cost/benefit ideas for commercial ships] (Wittekind, 2007, from [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/presentations.htm 2007 Symposium site])
 +
*[http://www.veth-motoren.com/vervolg.php?pagina_id=99 Veth Z-drive] (mentions sound level, but no measurements provided)
  
 +
==Boats (small vessels, <65')==
  
 +
Sound emitted by particular hulls and propulsion systems:
 +
*[http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/9/9a/Griffin%2Bbain06.pdf Sound Exposure of Southern Resident Killer Whales] (Rachael Griffin and David Bain, 2006)
 +
*[http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/3/38/Hildebrand%2B06.pdf Whale watch noise in Haro Strait] (Hildebrand et al., 2006)
 +
*[http://beamreach.org/071/papers/final-paper-tim071.pdf Sounds from whale watching vessels] (Tim Hunt; fall, 2007) "Investigating high frequency underwater boat noise and potential masking of killer whale echolocation clicks"
 +
* [http://www.whaletime.com/tours_boat.cfm The Naiad Explorer] (17m, 48person; Mackay Whale Watching) [http://www.whaletime.com/images/sounds.jpg spectrum levels and source level vs speed graph] ([http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/6/64/Naiad-explore-spectra-SPL.jpg archived version])
  
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==Boats (small vessels, <65')==
+
Potential mitigation technologies:
 +
*"Thrustor" ducted propeller systems are being tested and patented by [http://mptmfg.com/ Marine Propulsion Technologies] in CA (no noise reduction results as of 10/2008). 
 +
  Existing prototypes fit:
 +
  Mercury Bravo II
 +
  Konrad stern drive (240-260 series)
 +
  Evinrude 150 hp to 250 hp, maybe 120 hp
 +
  Honda 90
 +
Evinrudes generally run relatively smaller propellers in the 150-250 hp class, which is compatible with the Thrustor and the necessary propeller clearances. Bravo II and Konrad usually are heavier vessels with bigger hp and a need for maximum prop surface for  max performance. The Thrustor for these boats is 19.5" inside diameter (I.D.).  One inch to 1.5" clearance is necessary to prevent pressurizing the nozzle system and adding unnecessary prop torque. It is recommended to use 16.5-17.5" diameter props.
 +
*[http://www.actorlando.com/ Durajet] propless pump jet propulsion system (Florida)| [http://www.pre-owned-yacht-tenders.com/Durajet/durajet.htm re-seller] (no noise reduction results as of 10/2008).
 +
  Compatible engines:
 +
  Evinrude E-Tec Tiller 40, Remote 40, 50, and 60HP
 +
  Johnson Commercial Tiller 20, 30, 35, 55, Remote 60 and 70HP
 +
  Mercury Tiller and Remote 2-stroke and 4-stroke 40
 +
  Tohatsu/Nissan 2 and 4-stroke 25 and 30HP remote and tiller
 +
*[http://www.fleetwatermarine.com/JetPac_propulsion_system.htm JetPac] Outboard Jet Propulsion System (Thanks to Rob and Erin for the tip on this technology!)
 +
* [http://www.h-ri.com/Product/ASD/ASD_04.html Arneson Surface Drives] (with surface piercing propellers)
 +
 
 +
== Notes on other technologies to consider ==
 +
 
 +
*Power pods (attach to trim tabs or anti-cavitation plates)
 +
  Minn Kota -- [http://www.minnkotamotors.com/products/trimntroll/index.asp trimtroll] | [http://www.minnkotamotors.com/products/motors/detail.asp?pg=stm_riptide Riptide] (transom-mounted) | [http://www.minnkotamotors.com/products/motors/detail.asp?pg=sbm_riptidest RipTide ST] (bow-mounted)
 +
  Marine Tech [http://www.marinetech.info/navigator/navigator_master.php?catID=2 navigator]
 +
  Motor Guide
 +
*Electric outboards:
 +
  [http://www.solidnav.com/index.htm Solid Nav]
 +
  [http://www.torqeedo.com/us/hn/home.html Torqeedo]
 +
*Kort nozzles (often used on tugs and research vessels)
 +
*Vetus in-line hybrid (~4hp? Probably too small for most whale watch vessels, but good for small sailboats; Fisheries Supply may carry)
 +
*Berkeley jet?
 +
*Bigger systems for inboard or I/O repower or new builds, 20-50' displacement hulls:
 +
  [http://www.solidnav.com/index.htm Solid Nav]
 +
  [http://www.re-e-power.com/E-Pods.html e-Power E-pods]
 +
  [http://www.whisperprop.de/eng Whisper Prop] (Germany)
 +
 
 +
*Even bigger systems
 +
  [http://www.ossapowerlite.com/ Ossa Powerlite]
 +
  Siemens [http://beamreach.org/wiki/images/8/84/Siemens-diesel-electric-hybrid.pdf diesel-electric marine hybrid] for big boats 125hp and up
 +
  Glacier Bay?
 +
  Fisher-Panda (Europe)
 +
  NGC/Thusa (non-responsive)
 +
 
 +
Thought from Todd: "Theoretically a 330VDC AC propulsion system that could be very powerful, efficient, waterproof and cool
 +
(brushless PM AC motor) could be done with off the shelf components for under $10K...I'm just not willing
 +
to carry that voltage aboard at this time and finding a generator to charge and regulate that pack would be
 +
a very custom creation.  It would probably be easiest to power a system like this with a standard 220AC
 +
generator and a smart charging system that could boost the voltage."
 +
 
 +
*Sound-absorbing paint
 +
  [http://www.noxudolusa.com/sound_damping_products/marine/marine_sound_damping_products.html Noxudol]
 +
  [http://www.myboatsgear.com/mbg/product.asp?prodID=1235 Silent Running]
  
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ducted propeller systems that are being tested and patented by a small company in CA
+
*Misc: exhaust noise reduction, sound damping panels
 +
  [http://www.myboatsgear.com/engines/index.asp?catSubID=as myboatgear.com links]

Latest revision as of 16:53, 31 January 2011

Information about technologies that have been proven to reduce underwater noise in ships and boats, or that warrant testing to see if they do. The emphasis here should be on practical solutions that make economic sense to boat owners.

Thanks to Brandon Southall of NOAA for coordinating the conferences on this subject and for distilling much of these data and resources! As I wrote to him, "It would be *great* if there were some case studies that include cost/benefit analysis of particular quieting technologies (including practical manufacturer-model-number-type specifics)." Let's try to focus on such information here. Special thanks to Todd Shuster of Gato Verde Sailing Adventures for providing a list of his favorite potential quieting technologies.

Motivation

  • Endangered southern resident killer whales use sound for communication and foraging
  • Ships and boats dominate the noise budget within killer whale critical habitat
  • It is relatively feasible to mitigate the risk of acoustic impacts (compared with risks due to salmon depletion and persistent pollutants)
  • Noise from new BC ferries is drawing complaints
  • Commercial ships transit critical habitat ~20 times/day
  • Recent research shows that southern residents compensate for increased (vessel-associated) noise by raising their S1 source level (Killer whales increase their call amplitude in response to vessel noise, Holt et al, 2009)

International workshops and agreements

Ships (large vessels, generally >>65')

Boats (small vessels, <65')

Sound emitted by particular hulls and propulsion systems:

Potential mitigation technologies:

  • "Thrustor" ducted propeller systems are being tested and patented by Marine Propulsion Technologies in CA (no noise reduction results as of 10/2008). 
 Existing prototypes fit:
 Mercury Bravo II
 Konrad stern drive (240-260 series)
 Evinrude 150 hp to 250 hp, maybe 120 hp
 Honda 90

Evinrudes generally run relatively smaller propellers in the 150-250 hp class, which is compatible with the Thrustor and the necessary propeller clearances. Bravo II and Konrad usually are heavier vessels with bigger hp and a need for maximum prop surface for max performance. The Thrustor for these boats is 19.5" inside diameter (I.D.). One inch to 1.5" clearance is necessary to prevent pressurizing the nozzle system and adding unnecessary prop torque. It is recommended to use 16.5-17.5" diameter props.

  • Durajet propless pump jet propulsion system (Florida)| re-seller (no noise reduction results as of 10/2008).
 Compatible engines:
 Evinrude E-Tec Tiller 40, Remote 40, 50, and 60HP
 Johnson Commercial Tiller 20, 30, 35, 55, Remote 60 and 70HP
 Mercury Tiller and Remote 2-stroke and 4-stroke 40
 Tohatsu/Nissan 2 and 4-stroke 25 and 30HP remote and tiller
  • JetPac Outboard Jet Propulsion System (Thanks to Rob and Erin for the tip on this technology!)
  • Arneson Surface Drives (with surface piercing propellers)

Notes on other technologies to consider

  • Power pods (attach to trim tabs or anti-cavitation plates)
 Minn Kota -- trimtroll | Riptide (transom-mounted) | RipTide ST (bow-mounted)
 Marine Tech navigator
 Motor Guide
  • Electric outboards:
 Solid Nav
 Torqeedo
  • Kort nozzles (often used on tugs and research vessels)
  • Vetus in-line hybrid (~4hp? Probably too small for most whale watch vessels, but good for small sailboats; Fisheries Supply may carry)
  • Berkeley jet?
  • Bigger systems for inboard or I/O repower or new builds, 20-50' displacement hulls:
 Solid Nav
 e-Power E-pods
 Whisper Prop (Germany)
  • Even bigger systems
 Ossa Powerlite
 Siemens diesel-electric marine hybrid for big boats 125hp and up
 Glacier Bay?
 Fisher-Panda (Europe)
 NGC/Thusa (non-responsive)

Thought from Todd: "Theoretically a 330VDC AC propulsion system that could be very powerful, efficient, waterproof and cool (brushless PM AC motor) could be done with off the shelf components for under $10K...I'm just not willing to carry that voltage aboard at this time and finding a generator to charge and regulate that pack would be a very custom creation. It would probably be easiest to power a system like this with a standard 220AC generator and a smart charging system that could boost the voltage."

  • Sound-absorbing paint
 Noxudol
 Silent Running
  • Misc: exhaust noise reduction, sound damping panels
 myboatgear.com links
Retrieved from "http://beamreach.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ship_quieting_technology&oldid=934"